Practical Polygraph: X Onset and XX Ending Announcements
The Importance of Clear Instructions in Polygraph Testing
In a polygraph test, the process of recording and collecting data begins after the pretest interview. This occurs following an explanation of the recording sensors, a review of all test questions, and the proper attachment of sensors to the examinee. Before presenting the test questions, every recording session starts with an announcement indicating the test is beginning, referred to as the “X announcement.” This announcement is made each time a recording starts. Similarly, the completion of the test is marked by the “XX announcement,” signaling the end of recording. Skillful use of these announcements not only enhances the quality of recorded data but can also improve test accuracy for certain examinees.
Building Rapport and Providing Clear Instructions
The “X announcement” serves as both an informational and instructional tool for the examinee. While instructions are provided during the pretest phase, this announcement reinforces key points about the test process, such as the need to remain seated, answer questions with a simple “yes” or “no,” avoid unnecessary movement, and focus on the test without additional talking. These reminders help ensure optimal conditions for recording physiological responses to test stimuli.
Delivering these instructions in a clear and professional manner underscores their importance and conveys the examiner’s intent to assist the examinee in achieving accurate and interpretable test results. However, not all examinees fully grasp the significance of these guidelines, and some may forget them during the test. For this reason, examiners should repeat these instructions at the beginning of every recording session.
Recommended Content for the X Announcement
The following points should be included in the “X announcement” to ensure clarity and cooperation:
- A statement that the test is beginning.
- Instructions to remain still.
- Directions to look straight ahead.
- A request to listen carefully to each question.
- Instructions to answer only with “yes” or “no.”
- A reminder to refrain from additional talking or movement during the test.
While some instructions may seem repetitive (e.g., “sit still” and “refrain from moving”), this repetition is deliberate, emphasizing the need for full cooperation. Many individuals may not fully understand what “sitting still” entails, particularly if subtle movements, like shifting their head or hands, were acceptable in other contexts, such as school. In a polygraph setting, however, such movements can disrupt the data and affect the test’s outcome. Providing detailed and precise instructions helps clarify what is expected for a successful test.
Examples of X Announcements
Here is an example of a standard “X announcement” used during a Probable Lie Comparison (PLC) test:
“This test is about to begin. Please sit still and look straight ahead. Listen carefully to each question. Answer ‘yes’ or ‘no’ only. No additional talking, and do not move during the test.”
For Directed Lie Comparison (DLC) tests, a slight modification is added to remind the examinee of specific instructions:
“This test is about to begin. Please sit still and look straight ahead. Listen carefully to each question. Answer ‘yes’ or ‘no’ only, and remember to answer ‘no’ to the questions I’ve instructed you to. No additional talking, and do not move during the test.”
The inclusion of “please” in these announcements is a subtle but effective way to convey respect and professionalism while maintaining the examiner’s authority. It acknowledges that cooperation during the test is ultimately the examinee’s choice, though overusing the term “please” is not recommended.
The XX Announcement: Marking the End of Recording
The conclusion of the recording session is marked by the “XX announcement.” It should include:
- A statement that the test is complete.
- Instructions to remain still until the cardio sensor pressure is released.
For example:
“This test is complete. Please sit still until I release the pressure in the cardio sensor.”
Like the “X announcement,” the use of “please” in the “XX announcement” reflects professionalism and respect without diminishing the examiner’s authority.
Benefits of Structured Announcements
Including the “X” and “XX” announcements in the test question list ensures they are consistently delivered and permanently recorded within the test data. This practice provides a clear record of the instructions given, which is essential if issues such as non-cooperation, movement, or other disruptive behaviors arise during the test. If an examinee fails to comply, the examiner can demonstrate that adequate and complete instructions were provided, supporting the validity of the test results.
Conversely, incomplete or unclear announcements may make it difficult to determine whether non-compliance or movement was intentional. By ensuring announcements are thorough and professional, examiners can more confidently interpret test data and address any observed inconsistencies.
Final Thoughts
Examiners who deliver clear and well-structured “X” and “XX” announcements are more likely to secure the cooperation of the examinee and achieve high-quality, reliable test data. While some individuals may remain uncooperative or appear confused despite repeated instructions, these situations can often be addressed through post-test analysis or additional investigative methods.
By adhering to these best practices, polygraph professionals can streamline the test process, reduce ambiguities, and ensure accurate results, all while maintaining respect and professionalism throughout the examination process.
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